一、活性炭吸附箱燃爆的原因

1、 Reasons for Explosion of Activated Carbon Adsorption Box

氣溫較高的情況下，工況復(fù)雜的廢氣經(jīng)過活性炭處理（吸附）過程中發(fā)熱（物理和化學(xué)）。由于活性炭長時(shí)間未更換，灰分較高，床層散熱較差，不利于對流散熱。致使熱量在床層中積聚，在其中形成局部熱點(diǎn)。導(dǎo)致其溫度達(dá)到活性炭的自燃點(diǎn)或溫度達(dá)到了混合有機(jī)物氣體的閃點(diǎn)。同時(shí)部分空氣進(jìn)入廢氣中與可燃物形成爆炸性混合氣體，最終導(dǎo)致了事故的發(fā)生。當(dāng)然靜電也是一個(gè)可能的點(diǎn)燃源（廢氣流動(dòng)過程中可能產(chǎn)生靜電積聚，而活性炭顆粒之間的摩擦或與設(shè)備金屬部件的接觸可能產(chǎn)生火花）。

Under high temperature conditions, exhaust gases with complex working conditions generate heat (physically and chemically) during the process of activated carbon treatment (adsorption). Due to the long-term non replacement of activated carbon, the ash content is high and the heat dissipation in the bed is poor, which is not conducive to convective heat dissipation. Causing heat to accumulate in the bed, forming local hotspots within it. Causing its temperature to reach the self ignition point of activated carbon or the flash point of mixed organic gases. At the same time, some air entered the exhaust gas and formed an explosive mixture with combustible materials, ultimately leading to the occurrence of the accident. Of course, static electricity is also a possible ignition source (static electricity accumulation may occur during the flow of exhaust gas, while friction between activated carbon particles or contact with metal parts of equipment may generate sparks).

由于活性炭吸附是放熱過程，有機(jī)（專業(yè)各類VOCs治理RTO、RCO、CO、冷凝器、噴淋塔、活性炭/樹脂/沸石吸脫附等設(shè)備廠家：物的吸附和氧化會釋放出大量的熱量。對于某些種類成分復(fù)雜的化合物（可能會發(fā)生不相容的反應(yīng)而放熱），在活性炭表面上的吸附和反應(yīng)會釋放出大量的熱量，尤其是如果廢氣中的化學(xué)品濃度很高時(shí)。其放熱過程能否達(dá)到著火點(diǎn)取決于最終的熱量平衡，即能否及時(shí)的將熱量移走。

Due to the exothermic process of activated carbon adsorption, the adsorption and oxidation of organic compounds (such as RTO, RCO, CO, condensers, spray towers, activated carbon/resin/zeolite adsorption and desorption equipment manufacturers:   will release a large amount of heat. For certain types of complex compounds (which may undergo incompatible reactions and release heat), adsorption and reaction on the surface of activated carbon will release a large amount of heat, especially if the concentration of chemicals in the exhaust gas is high. Whether the exothermic process can reach the ignition point depends on the final heat balance, that is, whether the heat can be removed in a timely manner.

而在吸附過程中，熱移出的方式主要靠對流。對流不利（風(fēng)量較小）的時(shí)候，熱量累計(jì)，碳床中的溫度將升高到其著火溫度，從而導(dǎo)致活性炭自燃或點(diǎn)燃可燃廢氣混合物。

During the adsorption process, the main way of heat removal is through convection. When convection is unfavorable (with low air volume), heat accumulates and the temperature in the carbon bed will rise to its ignition temperature, leading to spontaneous combustion of activated carbon or ignition of combustible waste gas mixtures. picture

通過對多起活性炭吸附裝置燃爆事故的分析，可以總結(jié)出以下幾個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：

Through the analysis of multiple incidents of combustion and explosion of activated carbon adsorption devices, the following common characteristics can be summarized:

事故容易發(fā)生在夏季高溫天氣：高溫環(huán)境下，活性炭床層散熱性能下降，熱量更容易積聚，增加了燃爆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Accidents are prone to occur during high temperature weather in summer: in high temperature environments, the heat dissipation performance of the activated carbon bed layer decreases, and heat is more likely to accumulate, increasing the risk of combustion and explosion.

活性炭長期未更換：長時(shí)間未更換的活性炭吸附罐中積累了大量灰分和雜質(zhì)，床層散熱性能進(jìn)一步下降。

Long term non replacement of activated carbon: The adsorption tank of activated carbon that has not been replaced for a long time has accumulated a large amount of ash and impurities, further reducing the heat dissipation performance of the bed layer.

廢氣成分復(fù)雜且濃度波動(dòng)大：廢氣成分復(fù)雜，含有多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，且濃度波動(dòng)較大，增加了不相容反應(yīng)和熱積聚的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The composition of exhaust gas is complex and the concentration fluctuates greatly: the composition of exhaust gas is complex, containing multiple chemical substances, and the concentration fluctuates greatly, increasing the risk of incompatible reactions and thermal accumulation.

低工況下廢氣量減少：在低工況時(shí)，廢氣量減少，部分空氣直接進(jìn)入廢氣中，形成爆炸性混合氣體。

Reduced exhaust gas volume under low operating conditions: At low operating conditions, the exhaust gas volume decreases, and some air directly enters the exhaust gas, forming explosive mixtures.

二、預(yù)防建議

2、 Preventive advice

當(dāng)我們了解了活性炭吸附裝置的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以后，可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，有的放矢，采取一些針對性的措施。

After understanding the risks of activated carbon adsorption devices, we can take targeted measures based on the actual situation.

總的來說還是從阻止形成燃燒三要素的角度出發(fā)，從源頭設(shè)計(jì)，工程和管理措施上去發(fā)力，最終還是可以將吸附裝置的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到可接受范圍內(nèi)的。

Overall, from the perspective of preventing the formation of the three elements of combustion, by focusing on source design, engineering, and management measures, the risk of adsorption devices can ultimately be reduced to an acceptable range.

以下是一些建議措施：

Here are some suggested measures:

① 對于會產(chǎn)生高濃度有機(jī)廢氣的反應(yīng)罐、貯罐、過濾器等設(shè)備，為避免與氧氣形成爆炸性混合物，最好采用氮封系統(tǒng)保護(hù)，并以正壓輸送方式輸送到廢氣總管。

① For equipment such as reaction tanks, storage tanks, filters, etc. that generate high concentrations of organic waste gas, it is best to use a nitrogen sealing system for protection and transport it to the waste gas manifold under positive pressure to avoid explosive mixtures with oxygen.

② 確保有機(jī)廢氣的冷凝裝置滿足生產(chǎn)負(fù)荷，所有（專業(yè)各類VOCs治理RTO、RCO、CO、冷凝器、噴淋塔、活性炭/樹脂/沸石吸脫附等設(shè)備廠家：樊13141458653微信同）的廢氣組分必須經(jīng)過有效的冷凝處理，降低有機(jī)氣體濃度。不相容的廢氣應(yīng)單獨(dú)預(yù)處理后再排入吸附罐中吸附處理。

② To ensure that the condensation device for organic waste gas meets the production load, all waste gas components (professional VOCs treatment RTO, RCO, CO, condenser, spray tower, activated carbon/resin/zeolite adsorption and desorption equipment manufacturer: Fan 13141458653 WeChat Tong) must undergo effective condensation treatment to reduce the concentration of organic gases. Incompatible exhaust gases should be separately pretreated before being discharged into adsorption tanks for adsorption treatment.

③ 活性炭選材：使用點(diǎn)火溫度高，灰分低的活性炭作為吸附材料。

③ Activated carbon material selection: Use activated carbon with high ignition temperature and low ash content as the adsorbent material.

④ 條件允許的話對吸附裝置進(jìn)行降溫。

④ If conditions permit, cool down the adsorption device.

⑤ 定期檢查處理裝置、廢氣管路是否有不完整漏風(fēng)的情況，要保證管路不漏氣。

⑤ Regularly inspect the treatment device and exhaust gas pipeline for incomplete air leakage, ensuring that the pipeline does not leak air.

⑥ 吸附處理裝置前的廢氣管路安裝管路阻火器（阻爆轟型）；管路上(分段)安裝泄爆片，廢氣緩沖罐上安裝泄爆板，泄爆板要有固定裝置。

⑥ Install a flame arrester (explosion resistant type) in the exhaust gas pipeline before the adsorption treatment device; Install explosion-proof plates on the pipeline (in sections), and install explosion-proof plates on the waste gas buffer tank. The explosion-proof plates should have fixed devices.

⑦ 吸附裝置內(nèi)安裝噴淋滅火裝置，用來撲滅初期火災(zāi)（或者直接加裝自來水管路）手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)開啟。

⑦ Install a sprinkler fire extinguishing device inside the adsorption device to extinguish initial fires (or directly install a water pipeline) manually or automatically.

⑧ 在吸附床層安裝溫度探頭，監(jiān)測活性炭層的溫度發(fā)現(xiàn)異常時(shí)及時(shí)處置。

⑧ Install temperature probes in the adsorption bed layer to monitor the temperature of the activated carbon layer and promptly handle any abnormalities found.

⑨ 應(yīng)急反應(yīng)與人員培訓(xùn)。培訓(xùn)人員發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)的應(yīng)急處置能力，要能及時(shí)撲滅吸附處理裝置的火災(zāi)，防止火災(zāi)蔓延。

⑨ Emergency response and personnel training. The emergency response capability of training personnel in the event of a fire should be able to promptly extinguish the fire of the adsorption treatment device and prevent the spread of the fire.

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